AP American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

AP American History - Essay Example The accentuation on the candidate’s winnability loses the criticalness of the gathering since decision of competitor is not, at this point dependent on the gathering either by selection or by vote of the electorate. In a competitor focused governmental issues, ideological groups lost their capacity since it is being moved to the applicant. b. Essential electionsâ Primary political decision is the procedure by which ideological groups picked their applicants. In this procedure, politicking and horse exchange happens and the final product doesn't really give the most ideal competitor yet rather who does the politicking and pony exchanging best. The outcome would be a disillusioning applicant that voters no longer depend on party assignments to give them the most ideal up-and-comer. Therefore, ideological groups lost their validity according to their voters along these lines disintegrating their capacity since voters are the wellspring of any political party’s power with out which, ideological groups gets inconsequential. c. Intrigue gathering and media impact over legislative issues Lobby bunches represent a solid impact not just as far as the approach made in the Executive and laws went in Congress yet in addition among party individuals that could impact the determination of an up-and-comer of a gathering. Intrigue bunches that has noteworthy base as far as voters and additionally assets hold influence on the applicants that will be running just as the projects that they will convey ensuring that it will mirror their advantage. Media at this day and age has a gigantic impact over its crowd and these crowds are additionally voters. This can be either fortunate or unfortunate for a government official. It tends to be acceptable if the media depiction is certain and it can likewise be awful if the notoriety of the legislator is spread in the media and both can influence the aftereffect of political decision. Having this impact over the voters, parti es are thinking about competitors who are more â€Å"media friendly† or have more media mileage over program of government or honesty and in this way, falls apart the sort of lawmaker who are racing to the consternation of reasoning voters. Subsequently, ideological groups their capacity as their gathering models, projects and stage is not, at this point significant in the decision of up-and-comer yet rather base it on the notoriety of a competitor. Fareed Zakaria, CNN have and political examiner explained â€Å"recent mechanical and hierarchical changes have quickened the move, making it simpler for pariahs to raise reserves, gain admittance to free media and set up direct associations with voters† This basically debilitates the force base of ideological groups that rather than up-and-comers adjusting and to party stages and projects, it is presently ideological groups who needs to adjust themselves to the competitor adequately surrendering its capacity. d. Battle fin ancingâ One of the real factors in political race is the significant expense of running a crusade. Regardless of how qualified or experienced or legit a competitor is, however on the off chance that he or his gathering doesn't have the essential assets to mount a crusade, the person in question won't get an opportunity of winning. Most up-and-comers anyway need more cash to back a political race since it is pricey. Their gatherings thus requests and acknowledges battle financing and this is when agents comes in to impact the applicant that will be running and the program of government that they will embrace. It is critical to take note of that most huge battle benefactors do place cash in a

Creation of the CIA Essay Example for Free

Formation of the CIA Essay Regardless of the mainstream recognitions created by Tom Clancy books and James Bond motion pictures, American insight gathering was not a Cold War development: it has existed since the Republics establishing. George Washington sorted out his own insight unit during the Revolutionary War, sending spies behind adversary lines and regulating counterespionage tasks. In 1790, only three years after the Constitutional Convention, Congress recognized official privilege to direct knowledge tasks and gave then-President Washington a mystery unvouchered support for spies, if the noble man so satisfies. [1] Intelligence has been a part of American international strategy from that point onward. Progressively significant for our motivations, Americas developing inclusion in world undertakings during the late nineteenth and mid twentieth hundreds of years prompted the foundation of a few changeless knowledge associations. In 1882, the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) was made and accused of gathering specialized information about outside naval force boats and weapons. After three years, the Department of War set up its own knowledge unit the Military Intelligence Division (MID). In 1908, the Federal Bureau of Investigation opened its entryways. By the 1930s, the FBI had become the countries transcendent counterespionage organization and had spread into running knowledge exercises in Latin America.[2] The State Department, in the interim, had built up an aptitude and a crucial, concentrated on plain data assortment. At long last, a few basic occasions started the production of another wartime focal knowledge organization under the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), which gathered data, broke down crude insight, and completed a scope of secret, incendiary tasks abroad †from purposeful publicity, to undermine, to paramilitary activities. Before the finish of World War II, these five bureaucratic on-screen characters were competing for their own place in the after war insight arena.[3] This was not really the equivalent clear War versus Navy Department condition that offered ascend to the National Security Council framework or the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It is much of the time refered to that previous President Truman never believed that when he made the CIA it could ever be associated with peacetime undercover tasks. In 1964 Allen Dulles, one of the most compelling Directors of Central Intelligence in CIA history, tested Trumans comments, saying that in spite of the fact that Truman couldn't have cared less for messy Gestapo strategies, the CIA had surely performed them during his presidency.[4] This paper will narrative the change of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) into the Central Intelligence Agency. It likewise will analyze how and why the peacetime Central Intelligence Agency came to have a large number of indistinguishable forces from its wartime predecessor.â specifically this paper will concentrate on the OSS heritage of clandestine activities and how the CIA acquired that inheritance. The Creation of CIA During World War II, the OSS employed expansive forces, including secret knowledge social occasion and clandestine political fighting. William Donovan, Director of the OSS, admonished the United States to keep up the OSS or a nearby copy of it in the post-war period. The finish of the war and the token of another mystery association that pursued secret political fighting, the Nazi Gestapo, impacted President Truman to break up the OSS. In any case, as the United States slowly entered the Cold War with the Soviet Union, the need of a peacetime insight organization got evident. To address the issue, Truman made the Central Intelligence Group (CIG) in 1946.[5] In 1947 Congress changed the CIG into the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The forces of the CIA expanded drastically as U.S. policymakers started to see an expanding danger of Soviet-Communists bowed on global control. By 1952 the CIA firmly took after the wartime OSS, having a similar position and abilities. Simultaneously the War Crimes Trials were being led at Nuremberg, American knowledge officials were subtly talking with high-positioning German officials to decide their potential handiness in providing insight on the Soviet Union. Three basic occasions were critical effects on the Truman Administration authorities who established and manufactured the CIA. The first was the Japanese amazement assault on Pearl Harbor, which showed that the United States was ill-equipped, not for need of data, but since no device existed to channel and break down the huge volume of accessible data in a manner that could create precise insight. This notorious knowledge disappointment plainly showed that the security of the United States would be extraordinarily undermined until it built up a peacetime unified insight agency.[6] The second critical occasion was Stalins seizure of political and military control of the greater part of Eastern Europe disregarding his wartime understanding with the Allied Powers. The battling in Europe had as of late finished when American and outside reports on Soviet exercises in the involved domains started to trouble pioneers in Washington, London, and different capitals. The third occasion concerned the sponsorship by Soviet and Chinese Communists of the North Korean intrusion of South Korea. This sponsorship elevated Cold War pressures and reinforced the conviction of approach creators to brace the CIAs capacity to battle socialism. Pearl Harbor outlined the requirement for a peacetime focal knowledge administration and the Cold War battle with the Soviet Union stirred the Truman Administration to make a peacetime insight association with semi wartime powers. During World War II, the United States made the primary American incorporated knowledge office, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). On June 13, 1942, a Military Order gave by President Roosevelt made the OSS and allowed it expansive forces that included insight investigation, secret assortment, and paramilitary, mental and political warfare.[7] The office worked under the authority of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It was dedicated to the matter of treachery, secret activities, counterespionage, and undercover activity, trademarks that would be given to its replacement, the CIA. The OSS was associated with both knowledge gathering and furtive political fighting. To join both of these capacities in a single office, Donovan appointed various capacities to isolate parts of the OSS. Three of the principle parts of the OSS were Special Operations (SO), Secret Intelligence (SI), and Counterintelligence (X-2).[8] The OSS was amazingly fruitful in doing undercover activities. The primary significant OSS secretive activity was directed in North Africa. A few deaths, purportedly including that of Vichy French Admiral Darlan, were done by the Morale and Special Operation branches of the Psychological Warfare Division of the OSS. The accomplishment of the activity earned the expanding organization incredible regard and reputation, particularly with respect to secret action.â â The CIA would before long acquire the OSSs wartime experience and death methods.[9]â The OSS was additionally surprisingly effective in setting up and keeping up stealthy specialists in Thailand. The OSS set up a strong establishment for future CIA exercises in the Southeast Asia.[10] Indeed, even right off the bat in World War II, paramilitary and political undercover tasks picked up help of elevated level figures, for example, Roosevelt and Eisenhower, and started to overshadow the achievements of insight collection.â â The OSS accentuation on secretive paramilitary activities would be one of the essential inheritances gave to the CIA As student of history John Ranelagh noticed, The advantages of clandestine paramilitary activity in peacetime would in general be well respected based on a sentimental memory of these wartime encounters of the OSS.[11] Perhaps the most significant heritage the OSS offered to the CIA was that of previous OSS faculty who filled the positions of the juvenile CIA with experienced knowledge officials. Four OSS veterans, Allen Dulles, Richard Helms, William Colby, and William Casey, proceeded to become Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency. All through the war, the OSS end up being priceless in both insight assortment and clandestine activities, plainly showing the benefits of joining these two abilities in a single organization. In 1944 President Franklin Roosevelt mentioned a mystery update regarding the matter of an after war insight administration from General Donovan, OSS boss. Donovan urged President Roosevelt to make a lasting, overall knowledge administration after the wars end. Donovan foreseen the Cold War battle: When our adversaries are vanquished the interest will be similarly squeezing for data that will help us in tackling the issues of peace.[12]â Donovan proceeded to contend that the OSS had the prepared and concentrated work force required for the errand. This ability ought not be dispersed.[13] Donovans proposition was thwarted by the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), J. Edgar Hoover, who needed the FBI to have the selective option to gather and break down insight on a worldwide level. Hoover got a duplicate of Donovans proposition for an after war insight administration and released the top-mystery record to the Chicago Tribune. The paper printed various fiery tales about Donovans plan to make a super-spy organize. Congressional mayhem, almost certainly prodded by the terrible press, caused the peacetime focal knowledge organization proposition to be shelved.[14] The careful Roosevelt was hopeful about Donovans plan, however offered no assurances. After Roosevelts demise and the end of the war, President Truman expressed in a letter to Donovan that said he would exchange those wartime exercises of the Office of Strategic Services which won't be required in time of peace.[15] Truman dreaded Donovans proposed penny

Discrimination in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Segregation in the Workplace - Essay Example At an individual level, I got the opportunity to observe elevated levels of separation at my work environment. The law offers insurance to laborers against the demonstration of separation be it as far as excusal, compensation, enrollment advancements and moves among different perspectives. Infringement of these guidelines, by organizations, have brought about enormous costs affected by law offices. The budgetary ramifications of segregation at working environment ordinarily go past the money liabilities (Benjamin). The segregation I looked in my organization impactsly affected the individual, authoritative, and worldwide level, which influenced the efficiency of the workforce, the organization's capacity to keep and enlist laborers. The organization built up the propensity for preferring one sexual orientation and looking downward on the other. The male sexual orientation was viewed as skillful contrasted with my female sex. Ideas that lined up with separation included diminished emp loyment fulfillment and inspiration, discolored name of the organization, and decreased reliability went with an expanded turnover level (Benjamin). Separation rehearses by the top administration brought about negative ramifications on my activity fulfillment and inspiration at an individual ground. I was a casualty of downgrade in the organization because of the way that I was a woman. I got unsettled at work and I did not have the enthusiasm of being among the profitable representatives. The segregation subject influenced about all the women in the association coming about into polluting of the company’s notoriety at a worldwide level. Advancement and friends extra advantages should be granted to all specialists similarly.

Military Essay -- Department of Defense, ASVAB

As indicated by the DOD, (2011) the branch of protection doesn’t permit any outsider anything in relationship with the military or any of it’s legislative working partners ala... national gatekeepers, saves, commission carcass, maritime stores , marines holds etc†¦ DODD decide 8750 protects that all military servicemen must be confirmed in their imminent fields and be capable in their MOS field after training camp and AIT. (DoDD, 2011) To turn into an officer one should initially visit a nearby selecting office; there an individual may participate in chats with a scout, the recruiter’s primary occupation is to help survey the regular citizen enquires about their military wants, the enrollment specialist must converse with an enlist and his legitimate gatekeeper or guardians as nobody under 18 can’t settle on choices for themselves without their folks/watchmen authorization. The scout at that point will begin the procedure, one of the recruiter’s first assignments is to get the regular citizen ASVAB scores from their neighborhood secondary school or if the select is from away they can be retested on the ASVAB. The ASVAB represents Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery test and it gets to a recruit’s likelihood for selection, military employment arrangement and profession investigation after the military. ASVAB scoring depends on (IRT) Item Response Theory, this model is utilized on the grounds that it quantifies the examinee’s capacity to be put on a similar scale as every other person and each test is custom-made to a particular capacity level required when the examinee picks their military occupation. The IRT model uses the (3pl) in which gauges an examinee’s level of capacity to react to an individual thing or qualities, particularly those attributes that speaks to trouble, separation (How a thing segregates among ex... ...any piece of the (PRT) they’ll be giving increasingly serious activities to play out this is to expand their endurance, and prepare them for the following period of Army preparing as each stage most recent 3 weeks and get’s progressively extreme until the last stage. Training camp Continued, The second period of training camps comprises of volunteers performing strategic foot walks, learning fundamental shooter marksmanship, field preparing practices and participating in aptitudes and situational preparing practices just as the certainty hindrance course. Volunteers now are being bored every day on the rank and symbol identifications just as their levels of leadership from their drill teacher to the President of the United States; they despite everything need to pass (PRT) for stage II and with just 3 weeks left any enroll that falls flat needs to commit their own spare time into running and preparing to pass the last PRT in stage 3.

Teamwork and Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Collaboration and Motivation - Essay Example Advancement and expanded profitability are conceivable if representatives are prepared and instructively persuaded. Constant learning and representative preparing ought to be arranged by the association through their residency at some normal interim of time. This outcomes to higher inspiration as well as lower turnover. Preparing likewise gets ready workers to accept more power over their occupations and less management, therefore fabricating better representative unwaveringness, fulfillment, and motivation.In the inspiration plan, ceaseless assessment in a particular cycle ought to be an unquestionable requirement accomplish for the essential point of estimating progress and deciding requirements for upgrades. This will involve estimation of mentalities, resolve, and workforce inspiration to decide manners by which the structure and usage of the arrangement at any rate once for a year (Deming, 2013).A genuine upper hand for an association is accomplished through all around prepared and persuaded human asset co-ordinating their endeavors and vitality essentially for the entity’s objectives of quickening execution, bringing down turnover and expanding productivity.In supporting the components the two-factor hypothesis (Hygiene-hypothesis) by Fredrick Herzberg can be utilized so as to comprehend the variables affecting people groups' perspectives and work. As indicated by this hypothesis, fulfillment is brought about by (satisfiers) factors identified with work itself, accomplishment, acknowledgment, and duty. He contends that inspiration is an internal power driving people to individual and authoritative objective accomplishment.

How to Quickly Get the Information You Need From an MCAT Science Passage

A lot of students struggle with the timing aspect of the MCAT -- between reading all of the passages and thinking through all of the questions, it’s easy to lose track of time and start feeling rushed towards the end. If timing is a problem for you, try switching up your technique. Instead of reading the entire passage first, word for word, and then going through the questions, try taking a look at the questions first. First Pass - answer whatever you can!: Usually, about a third of the questions from a passage can be answered right away, without any passage information. Answer those on your first pass through. For the others, underline or highlight the key points in the question -- this will help you keep an eye out for specific information when you read the passage. Read the Passage: After skimming all of the questions, then go back and read the passage. Keep an eye out specifically for the words and concepts that you highlighted in the questions; mark where they are in the passage in case you need to go back. Second Pass - answer the rest and check for details: After you’ve finished reading, go back to the questions and answer the remaining ones. At this point, you should have a pretty clear idea about where the information is located in the passage, and be able to connect the question stem to the passage. If the question refers to a specific line or paragraph in the text, reread that and perhaps the line above and below it to refresh the context in your mind. Unlike in the verbal section, where all of the answers will come directly from the passage, it isn’t always necessary to go back and get passage information to get through the science sections on the MCAT. On some questions, you might have a hunch, but just need some additional context to figure out what they are asking. If you feel that reading the passage gave you the background necessary to answer the question, then go ahead and pick an answer. If you still need some clarification between answer choices, you can go back to the spots you marked in the passage that were related to these questions. After you have gotten through all of the questions, make sure to go back to the questions you answered initially to see whether the passage changed anything about your answer. It’s possible that the context of the passage gave the question a different spin, so you definitely want to make sure to double check those. By looking at the questions first, and reading for the specific, relevant information, you won’t waste time reading every word and then having to go back and search for the information you need. Hopefully, this will help you cut out some time and feel more comfortable finding the information you really need. For more relevant reading, check out these other blog posts, written by ourprivate MCAT tutors in NYC, Boston, and online:Gametoegensis on the MCAT,When Should I Take the MCAT?, andGetting an MCAT Study Buddy. ;

Employee Motivation Term Paper - 275 Words

Employee Motivation (Term Paper Sample) Content: Employee MotivationName Institution Course NumberCourse NameDateThe level of competition in the corporate world has prompted firms to embrace motivation strategies to encourage their employees with an aim of ensuring that quality services are offered to consumers. To attain this, firms have been prompted to initiate mechanisms that make their workplace desirable so that employees may be motivated to work efficiently and apply their skills optimally. Unlike past days when most firms regarded employees as just part of the inputs required in the production process of goods and services, it is now apparent that they are valued as the human capital without which an organization cannot attain its goals. There are a number of theories that have been used to explain the need for employee recognition and engagement, for instance: equity theory, two factor theory, expectancy valence theory and need hierarchy theory. Motivation of employees should be the primary focus for manage rs by offering: equity, support to employee aspirations and goals, good remuneration, and skill enhancement through continuous training. The equity theory shows how employee performance is greatly influenced by the manner in which his peers are treated. For instance, firms that treat employees differently affect the motivation of employees by making it difficult for them to engage in teamwork or working effectively. This often happens in an environment where individuals holding certain positions are treated as more superior due to their closeness to managers in contrast to others occupying similar positions. This trend is detrimental. According to Kim (2006), the influences managers have in determining the behavior exhibited by their employees often define whether their firms are headed for failure or success. In most cases, motivations determines the attitude shown by employees towards their leaders, fellow team members as well as the tasks assigned to them by their seniors. As a r esult, managers need to treat all employees fairly since this boosts their motivation and desire to work towards the attainment of their firms goals and objectives. As explained in the Two Factor Theory of motivation, factors such as the achievement of ones goals, recognition by fellow workers and seniors as well as an equal provision for growth and development opportunities in the workplace encourage employees, thereby inspiring them to give their best. This implies that managers have to handle employee motivation and dissatisfaction separately to make sure that organizations reap the best from the input from their workforce members. Satisfaction is believed to occur whenever employees are provided with opportunities to enhance their careers and these include promotion and positive relationships with other workers. As Jehanzeb et al (2012) put it; satisfaction is mostly propelled by the values employees hold regarding their jobs or the expectations they have towards their participa tion in the workplace. Dissatisfaction often occurs whenever employees are either not contented with the manner in which leaders treat them or if there are disparities in the salaries earned within their organizations despite the equal commitments exhibited. Any significant efforts made by employees have to be recognized and initiatives taken to motivate them. The firm management should be on the look out for the any grudges among employees. Firms that fail to identify the availability of discord among employees often risk the failure to attain their goals owing to the fact that individuals rarely have the will to engage in collective activities or come up with innovative ideas meant to enhance the competitiveness of their firms.The Expectancy Valence Theory indicates that motivation in the workplace is mostly influenced by the value held by employees towards the attainment of specific outcomes in their jobs, the probability of realizing the desired outcomes and the rewards accompan ied by the prospect of meeting particular goals. This theory is quite relevant for any management team in the corporate world that wishes to encourage goal setting among employees. Whenever workers hold the goals set individually and by the organization with high regard, the chances of making positive contributions towards the success of firms increases. Basing on the implication of this theory, rewards are necessary to steer employee motivation and encourage them set outcomes that boost the welfare of the organization as well as position them to face new challenges so that they may enhance their skills. The rewards offered may be in the form of promotions, salary increase or provision of incentives and material gifts. Organizations may also offer staff trips during holidays where, besides the reward element, employees get the opportunity to mingle with workers from other established organizations for benchmarking purposes. Motivation can also be explained through the Goal Setting T heory which entails the desire by employees to make various accomplishments within some specified periods of time. For an individual to set goals, there has to be some probability of the desired outcomes being realized. Impressions on the feasibility of the goals can be best provided by managers and other leaders with the role of overseeing employees. The Need Hierarchy Theory postulated by Abraham Maslow is also important in explaining employee motivation in the workplace. This theory underlines the complexity of individuals basic requirements that influence their satisfaction and the ability to perform well in a competitive environment. Maslow recognizes in his theory that meeting the lower level needs first as an individual tries to succeed is sensible. According to this theory, the hierarchy of needs include psychological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization. The needs deemed to be lower in the hierarchy such as psychological and security is normally met through goo d payments as well as the other benefits accrued in the workplace. The needs higher in the hierarchy may end up causing motivational issues if managers fail to put them into consideration. As a result, managers should identify whatever makes the workplace more satisfying for each employee and ensure that the salaries offered match each individuals contribution towards company goals. The working environment has to be healthy to boost employee morale (Devadass, 2011). Managers need to ensure that employees are treated equally and given equal opportunities to enhance their careers as they do their best to improve the welfare of their organizations. Employee motivation may either stem from within themselves or from various outside factors. Intrinsic motivation normally comes from within an individual and takes the form of personal enjoyment and may stem from the achievements made in terms of education or previous activities (Yudhvir Sunita, 2012). This kind of motivation is always enha nced by non-material incentives such the provision of flexible working schedules, adequate training or an ethical working environment where people are willing to work together and support one another. Extrinsic motivation comes from the environment around an employee and may include the urge to work effectively to attain a promotion or as a result of the monetary incentives offered, for instance, good remunerations and bonuses. Managers also have the mandate to enhance organizational st... Employee Motivation Term Paper - 275 Words Employee Motivation (Term Paper Sample) Content: Employee MotivationName Institution Course NumberCourse NameDateThe level of competition in the corporate world has prompted firms to embrace motivation strategies to encourage their employees with an aim of ensuring that quality services are offered to consumers. To attain this, firms have been prompted to initiate mechanisms that make their workplace desirable so that employees may be motivated to work efficiently and apply their skills optimally. Unlike past days when most firms regarded employees as just part of the inputs required in the production process of goods and services, it is now apparent that they are valued as the human capital without which an organization cannot attain its goals. There are a number of theories that have been used to explain the need for employee recognition and engagement, for instance: equity theory, two factor theory, expectancy valence theory and need hierarchy theory. Motivation of employees should be the primary focus for manage rs by offering: equity, support to employee aspirations and goals, good remuneration, and skill enhancement through continuous training. The equity theory shows how employee performance is greatly influenced by the manner in which his peers are treated. For instance, firms that treat employees differently affect the motivation of employees by making it difficult for them to engage in teamwork or working effectively. This often happens in an environment where individuals holding certain positions are treated as more superior due to their closeness to managers in contrast to others occupying similar positions. This trend is detrimental. According to Kim (2006), the influences managers have in determining the behavior exhibited by their employees often define whether their firms are headed for failure or success. In most cases, motivations determines the attitude shown by employees towards their leaders, fellow team members as well as the tasks assigned to them by their seniors. As a r esult, managers need to treat all employees fairly since this boosts their motivation and desire to work towards the attainment of their firms goals and objectives. As explained in the Two Factor Theory of motivation, factors such as the achievement of ones goals, recognition by fellow workers and seniors as well as an equal provision for growth and development opportunities in the workplace encourage employees, thereby inspiring them to give their best. This implies that managers have to handle employee motivation and dissatisfaction separately to make sure that organizations reap the best from the input from their workforce members. Satisfaction is believed to occur whenever employees are provided with opportunities to enhance their careers and these include promotion and positive relationships with other workers. As Jehanzeb et al (2012) put it; satisfaction is mostly propelled by the values employees hold regarding their jobs or the expectations they have towards their participa tion in the workplace. Dissatisfaction often occurs whenever employees are either not contented with the manner in which leaders treat them or if there are disparities in the salaries earned within their organizations despite the equal commitments exhibited. Any significant efforts made by employees have to be recognized and initiatives taken to motivate them. The firm management should be on the look out for the any grudges among employees. Firms that fail to identify the availability of discord among employees often risk the failure to attain their goals owing to the fact that individuals rarely have the will to engage in collective activities or come up with innovative ideas meant to enhance the competitiveness of their firms.The Expectancy Valence Theory indicates that motivation in the workplace is mostly influenced by the value held by employees towards the attainment of specific outcomes in their jobs, the probability of realizing the desired outcomes and the rewards accompan ied by the prospect of meeting particular goals. This theory is quite relevant for any management team in the corporate world that wishes to encourage goal setting among employees. Whenever workers hold the goals set individually and by the organization with high regard, the chances of making positive contributions towards the success of firms increases. Basing on the implication of this theory, rewards are necessary to steer employee motivation and encourage them set outcomes that boost the welfare of the organization as well as position them to face new challenges so that they may enhance their skills. The rewards offered may be in the form of promotions, salary increase or provision of incentives and material gifts. Organizations may also offer staff trips during holidays where, besides the reward element, employees get the opportunity to mingle with workers from other established organizations for benchmarking purposes. Motivation can also be explained through the Goal Setting T heory which entails the desire by employees to make various accomplishments within some specified periods of time. For an individual to set goals, there has to be some probability of the desired outcomes being realized. Impressions on the feasibility of the goals can be best provided by managers and other leaders with the role of overseeing employees. The Need Hierarchy Theory postulated by Abraham Maslow is also important in explaining employee motivation in the workplace. This theory underlines the complexity of individuals basic requirements that influence their satisfaction and the ability to perform well in a competitive environment. Maslow recognizes in his theory that meeting the lower level needs first as an individual tries to succeed is sensible. According to this theory, the hierarchy of needs include psychological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization. The needs deemed to be lower in the hierarchy such as psychological and security is normally met through goo d payments as well as the other benefits accrued in the workplace. The needs higher in the hierarchy may end up causing motivational issues if managers fail to put them into consideration. As a result, managers should identify whatever makes the workplace more satisfying for each employee and ensure that the salaries offered match each individuals contribution towards company goals. The working environment has to be healthy to boost employee morale (Devadass, 2011). Managers need to ensure that employees are treated equally and given equal opportunities to enhance their careers as they do their best to improve the welfare of their organizations. Employee motivation may either stem from within themselves or from various outside factors. Intrinsic motivation normally comes from within an individual and takes the form of personal enjoyment and may stem from the achievements made in terms of education or previous activities (Yudhvir Sunita, 2012). This kind of motivation is always enha nced by non-material incentives such the provision of flexible working schedules, adequate training or an ethical working environment where people are willing to work together and support one another. Extrinsic motivation comes from the environment around an employee and may include the urge to work effectively to attain a promotion or as a result of the monetary incentives offered, for instance, good remunerations and bonuses. Managers also have the mandate to enhance organizational st...

Themes in Shakespeares Macbeth - 1043 Words

MacBeth is one of the most renowned plays in history, written by famous playwright William Shakespeare. It is a story of betrayal, tyranny, murder and deadly ambition. These four themes make this tragedy a great resource for studying the darker side of humanity, and why we resort to such measures. While studying the play, I gained many insights into humanity, and will highlight three in-depth. Firstly, I saw the negative effects of uncontrolled ambition. MacBeth, the valiant warrior, hero of Scotland and the idol for young warriors, turned into a murderous, despised tyrant. Secondly, I learnt that murder changes people. There are two instances in MacBeth where murder changed the murderer. And thirdly, I learnt that there is no point to†¦show more content†¦King Edward of England is well respected and well liked, whereas Macbeth is looked upon as a throne stealing tyrant, and is not very well liked by his people When Macbeth became King of Scotland, the majority of people had heard of his conquests for Scotland, and were happy to have him as King. But it was the minority he had to worry about. The thanes of Scotland and the deceased king’s two messengers, Ross and Lennox, are all suspicious about Macbeth’s involvement in Duncan’s death. When the English army started moving out of Birnam woods, Macbeth’s army didn’t want to fight for him, because they thought of him as a cruel leader who wasn’t deserving of their protection. As a result, it left the castle unguarded and Macbeth was exposed to the leaders of the army, to whom he eventually fell to. This part of the play highlighted to me that a chain is only as strong as its weakest link. Metaphorically interpreting this quote into the play symbolises Scotland as the chain, with Macbeth being the strongest link, but being held back by the weakest link, his people. In conclusion, Macbeth is a great play to watch and enjoy, but it also teaches us a lot about ourselves and the people around us. To really get full valueShow MoreRelatedThe Themes Of Ambition In Shakespeares Macbeth853 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many different themes displayed in Shakespeares famous play Macbeth. Many of these themes play with nature, the supernatural, and fate. From ghosts to horses eating each other the play uses symbolism, language, and characters to portray these themes. During the play the audience learns of several themes such as ambition, guilt, fate versus free will, nature versus the unnatural, and how things are not always as they seem. Anyone who has read or seen Macbeth knows that his great undoingRead MoreThe Themes Of Greed In William Shakespeares Macbeth881 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares play Macbeth portrays man as a species controlled by ones inner thoughts, greed and ultimately hubris. Mankind is often fueled by desire to acquire more, with little regard to possible negative or evil outcomes. When faced with an uncertain prophecy, Macbeth allows greed to overpower conscience, and ultimately allows malevolent powers within himself to dictate and lead to his demise. Shakespeare personifies the witches- supernatural beings with no agenda, feared greatlyRead MoreThe Theme Of Themes In William Shakespeares Macbeth755 Words   |  4 PagesThe play Macbeth is brilliantly written by William Shakespeare. There are a lot of themes in the play that goes on and teaches about the ambition, the guilt, the fate versus free will concept and how things are not what they seem. All of those factor into how Macb eth is a very interesting and very captivating story. Shortly after Macbeth hears the prophecies of him becoming the Thane of Cawdor and the King of Scotland, and after becoming the Thane of Cawdor a few moments later, he writes a letterRead MoreThe Importance of the Theme of the Supernatural in William Shakespeares Macbeth951 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of the Theme of the Supernatural in William Shakespeares Macbeth The supernatural in Elizabethan times was seen as a very real threat to society. The public thought that there were such things as witches who could perform acts of the supernatural such as turning humans into animals and causing changes in the weather. 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Although Shakespeare’s Macbeth is a play set in 16th Century Scotland, Rupert Goold modernizes the play by changing the setting to a Soviet-styled country and implementing modern elements into the characters and theme. Although Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Rupert Goold’s film adaptation share many ideologies and a general storyline, a difference exists in the setting, the characters, andRead MoreShakespeare Writes About Issues That Are Still Relevant Today1303 Words   |  6 Pagesare still relevant today because his themes are universal, his plays have been updated and remade and there are various schools of thought who argue about his plays. His universal themes of vaulting and corrupting ambition, a reliance on superstition and gender tell us that the play Macbeth explored themes that are still seen in today’s society. The updated and remade film versions of Macbeth (also known as The Tragedy of Macbeth) and Macbeth (BBC’s Shakespeare’s Retold Series) tell us that peopleRead MoreMacbeth Themes899 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"What are the major themes in Macbeth† By Connor Maguire William Shakespeare’s Macbeth a play complete with many themes and viewpoints. The themes are exhibited by the main characters of the play, notably antagonist Macbeth. Themes seen in the play include ambition, where is is portrayed as both dangerous and unnatural. However, it does exist in both good and evil forms in the play. Another theme seen is whether Macbeths actions in the play are a result of fate, or free will. Although outside

Week 5 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - 1752 Words

Analyzing and Interpreting Data Team X QNT/351 Analyzing and Interpreting Data The ultimate goal of descriptive statistics is to describe a set of data, identify patterns, and draw a conclusion, which enables an organization to make effective and informed decisions (McClave, Benson, Sincich, 2011). The company, Ballard Integrated Managed Services (BIMS), a support services company will leverage statistics to gather information on the company’s employees to analyze and identify patterns. The goal of this research project is to determine the reason for the high employee turnover and low morale. The research team has developed a strategy that ensures that the management dilemma will be resolved in the most†¦show more content†¦Second, questions one through ten qualify as ordinal data because of the relative rankings without consistent distances. Finally, the time worked for BIMS qualifies as ratio level data because it is easily ordered, consistent differences and zero is meaningful (McClave, Benson, Sincich, 2011). Each level of data has unique characteristics, which dictate the way the information is calculated, summarized, and presented. Coding and Cleaning the Data Coding the data is a systematic way in which data is condensed into smaller easily analyzed units (Lockyer, 2004). By coding the surveys received by BIMs it enables the company to analyze and interpret the data to draw an informed conclusion. The coding enables the research team to identify mistakes, and outliers, which improves the data’s validity (Lockyer, 2004). To code BIMS’ data, the surveys must be numbered, and all corresponding data must be manually entered into Microsoft Excel, which increases the cost, time, and risk. The data is at risk of being entered incorrectly. Next, the raw data must be cleaned to ensure validity, relevancy, and accuracy. After the data was imported into Excel, the data must be reviewed for mistakes. One error that was identified was that a six was entered into Excel even though a five was observed. By coding and cleaning the data, the researcher will proactively identify errors or outliers while enabling a computer to complete statistical analysis andShow MoreRelatedApplied Statistics in Business and Economics Ch 1944 Words   |  4 Pagesorganizing, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data.  TRUE 2. Inferential statistics refers to generalizing from a sample to a population, estimating unknown parameters, drawing conclusions, and making decisions.     TRUE 3. Descriptive statistics refers to summarizing data rather than generalizing about the population.   FALSE 4. Estimating parameters and testing hypotheses are important aspects of descriptive statistics.     FALSE 5. 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Task 4 INSTRUMENTS USED TO COLLECT DATA The following is a letter and a questionnaire that were given to twenty (20) people in my area: Dear villager Read MoreResearch Methods Of Quantitative Research1087 Words   |  5 Pages Week 2 Assignment Adam Morrison PSY 326 Research Methods Jessica Lee Qualitative researchers are focused on interpreting and making sense out of what they observe rather than trying to simplify and quantify these observations by collecting and observing people, places and things in their natural setting. In doing this, researchers are able to investigate hypothesis with more freedom and rigidity while accepting the fact that they relinquish their ability to control direct and indirect

Article Summary And Reflection On Representation - 1636 Words

Article Summary and Reflection on Representation†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ Naomi de Szegheo-Lang†¨Destiny Simpson - 213121447†¨October 16th, 2014†¨GWST2511 6.00†¨Section A Term Y†¨ INTRODUCTION†¨ Popularity contests are often notable within the modren media industry. This composed report will outline The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception, composed by Theodor Adorno Max Horkheimer with the below objectives. It will investigate representations of Gender and Race. As well, it will provide primary focus on key concepts, such as, â€Å"Mass Production† and â€Å"Culture Industry† . The above will be finished in detail while utilizing Don Scardino s series arrangement: 2 Broke Girls as an essential case/ spotlight and both Theodor Adorno Max Horkheimer’s The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨SUMMARY†¨ A main concern of The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception is the expression of what is viewed as a Culture Industry. The term Culture Industry is expected to allude to the business showcasing of society, the spectrum of the industry that deals particularly with the generation of society that is rather than what’s considered to beAuthentic Culture. In The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception both Horkheimer and Adorno argue that mechanically delivered society denies individuals of their creative ability and assumes control over their reasoning for them. The Culture Industry conveys the products. In turnShow MoreRelatedMisrepresentation Of Adult Men And Women731 Words   |  3 PagesThis purpose of this article and study is to investigate the photographic representation of adult men and women in their indicative areas of power in the fifty years of issues of the Music Edicators Journal. 1 Within the disaggregated data are found inequitable representations of females in comparison with males. 2 Data not only included quantitative and qualitative elements, but also used photographs as part of the data to give credence to this misrepresentation of the female. 3 As the various categoriesRead MoreMajor Economic Journal : Business And Economics Journal907 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness and Economics Journal The first journal I found was Business and Economics Journal which is an open access publisher. 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I believe that culture has instilled generalized perceptions about gender and I want my students

Taking a Look at Substance Abuse - 693 Words

According to the United Nation, drug abuse kills 200,000 people worldwide each year. Substance abuse is a huge issue we are fighting in today’s world that everyone seems to ignore or pretends not to notice. Although there are many factors to contribute to someone’s drug addiction, fortunately many treatments are available to save that person from the horrible life they would suffer from. Substance abuse is not just heroine, amphetamines or cocaine it also could be alcohol, prescription pills or club pills (roofies, ecstasy, LSD†¦). These are just to name some of the many types of drugs people get addicted too. There are many Symptoms and behavioral signs you can notice that will help you point out if a friend or loved one has a substance abuse problem. For example, they could have a change of friends and are hanging with a new crowd. You could also notice they are starting to lie or steal from you. Spending money they do not have on drugs or doing things out of their normal behavior, for example prostituting. The individual could also have signs of needle marks on their upper arm, which can cause the skin to turn into abscesses that will leave scars. A plain and obvious symptom is the individual is intoxicated, delirious or unconscious in front of you. Possible causes that can contribute to someone becoming a substance abuser include, depression, stress or peer pressure. Depression could come from a death or loss, social isolation, past physical or sexual abuse. Stress couldShow MoreRelatedEssay on Prescription Drug Abuse1318 Words   |  6 Pages Prescription drug abuse has become increasingly prevalent among teens in the county. There has been an increase in the abuse of prescription drugs for a number of reasons. 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ChemicalRead MoreSubstance Abuse During The Medical Profession1401 Words   |  6 PagesIn many places around the world substance abuse has become a frequent issue. Many people may not be aware of substance abuse in nurses, from prescription drugs to alcohol and even cigarettes. Abuse from nurses poses a new challenge to the profession due to their jobs as caretakers and their access to controlled substances. It is a perplexing thought that people whose profession is to care for other don’t do the same for themselves. Nurses do in fact have stressful jobs, however, it is certainly unexpectedRead MoreSubstance Abuse During The Medical Profession1512 Words   |  7 PagesIn many places around the world, substance abuse has become a frequent issue. Many people may not be aware of substance abuse in nurses, from prescription drugs to alcohol and even cigarettes. Abuse from nurses poses a new challenge to the profession due to their jobs as caretakers and their access to controll ed substances. It is a perplexing thought that people whose profession is to care for other don’t do the same for themselves. Nurses do in fact have stressful jobs, however, it is certainlyRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On American Soil Essay1539 Words   |  7 PagesIn a day and age where there is no clear or apparent bad guy, the United States battles an elusive foe on our home soil. The current epidemic of drug abuse claims the lives of thousands of Americans without any discrimination or bias. The decades old â€Å"war on drugs† has done little to hinder the devastating carnage of widespread drug abuse decimating today’s youth. This affliction hits home for almost all of us to at least some extent. The enemy is known, we as a country however have yet to deviseRead More Drug Abuse: Pay Attention Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pagesway of life, and from legal to illegal. Drugs become abused whether they are recreational, narcotics or alcohol. When we talk a bout the misuse of substances and how they are used for the wrong reason without regulations that put the person at risk without taking that into account. It is like gambling when an individual use recreational drugs or abuse narcotics. If these ventures were taken into account the amount of damage to themselves, I am sure they would put a limit to it. It has beenRead MoreHca/250 Final Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesSubstance abuse is a very widely known public epidemic in todays society. Many people are unfortunately plagued by this issue. According to Emedicinehealth.com (2012), â€Å"People abuse substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs for varied and complicated reasons, but it is clear that our society pays a significant cost,† (para. 1). People that are affected by substance abuse includes a very different range of people. Many that abuse the substances end up having health-related problems whichRead MoreSubstance Abusers: A Vulnerable Population Essay840 Words   |  4 Pagesgoing to be describing the characteristics of substance abusers. Next, give the common health issue and needs. Then, give specific resources that Peoria have to offer. Finally, how substance abuse relates to Healthy People 2020. Overall, this will give one an overview of the vulnerable population such as substance abusers. Characteristics of the population Substance abuse is when a person want their mind to be altered with the use of drugs. Substance abuse affect all ages, race, religion, and incomeRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse And Prescription Drugs1487 Words   |  6 PagesPrescription Drug Abuse Prescription Drug Abuse has increased in an alarming rate over recent years! Prescription drug related deaths now outnumber those from heroin and cocaine combined. The abuse in prescription drugs in America goes back more than a hundred years ago. Prescription drug abuse is the use of a medication without a prescription, in a way other than prescribed, or for the experience or feelings elicited. Although prescription medications are intended to help individuals, they canRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol And Drug Abuse On Criminal Activities1620 Words   |  7 Pagestheorists have differing views on whether or not alcohol and drug abuse is related to criminal activities, there are however a variety of preventative and intervention methods known commonly as ‘harm reduction’. This theory aims to assist in society’s responses in how we intervene when it comes to drug abusers as well as how the use of drug taking harms society itself. Such designed strategies aim to re duce and eventually stop substance abuse. Harm reduction methods can come in the form of intervention

Impacts of Urban Sprawl Urbanization

Question: Write about theImpacts of Urban Sprawlfor Urbanization. Answer: Introduction: Urbanization refers to the process by which huge number of people shifts their bases from rural areas to the cities with the hope of living better quality lives due to the availability of many advantages that are not present in rural areas. This often include greater scopes of employability, better education system, better lifestyle, good transportation and many others. This recent trend has led huge number of people coming and shifting their base to the cities from the rural areas 1. Further development in the field of medical science has already resulted in the growth in the number of population. As a result cities have come under great pressures and thereby they tend to impact the people at various levels. The essay will mainly portray two of such impact that had affected on the health of the people due to their settlement in the cities and the different initiatives that they government had taken for that. It will also show how different health promotion programs can be organized to address the current issues. First Impact: One important impact that is affecting the health of people is called urban sprawl. Urbanization had led many of the nations to become developed and make life more comfortable. This had resulted in a situation called urban sprawl where there had been present of more density of people in a particular square meter and had resulted in congestion of people living in small household s in large number. This is mainly the case of the people who have come from rural or suburban areas and had settled there. It not only results in environmental harm but also on the monetary costs. The cities are growing outward engulfing more fresh lands for making complexes, residential areas, employment centers and offices. Health Promotion Program Undertaken: This fast movement is unplanned in most cases resulting in degraded human health 2. Poor community design like poorly planned low density, auto-dependent development had resulted in a condition where people are facing difficulty to undertake physical activities and maintain healthy weight. Some of the American reports suggest that there are about 448 countries with sprawling effects where more than 200000 individuals have reported unavailability of patches for walking, biking or perform exercise 3 . Development of body mass index showing obesity has therefore been common along with fatigues, unhealthy lifestyles, lack of entertainments spots and others. Moreover, huge number of families living within small apartments built to accommodate huge population in many developed and developing countries are also the reason where people face irritation feels claustrophobic, develops frustrations and mental problems. However different governments have approached the matter in different ways. O ne can provide an example for it. Australian government had proposed an Australian infrastructure plan with an aim to develop a nation which will give the best lives of people. However, issues such as homelessness, improperly insulated residential apartments, huge residential plots without parks and free grounds are still found in different parts 4. Not only in Australia, America also failed miserably to accommodate its huge number of transports in the narrow lanes of many of the countries where recent increase in population had taken place. In a developing country, like India policies have been published which proposes that by 2050, 900 million people will be added to Indian cities but however no promising steps have been seen to be taken. Huge number of footpath dweller, slums and other such temporary shelters are quite common in many corners compromising hygiene and healthy lives. Second Impact: The impact that had resulted from the rapid increase of number of people in the cities is pollution and that had been affecting the health of different people. Increase of vehicular emissions has increased due to production of more transportation on the road. Not only has that photochemical smog been found to be a common occurrence Water pollution is also taking place due to the flow of the domestic sewage as well as from the urban runoff 5. It had been seen that the river in Sydney called the Nepean Endash; Hawkesbury are under severe stress due to this effect. Garbage disposal has also become a concern I the cities due to the huge population causing environmental pressure on the cities. Reports have suggested that Sydney and Melbourne residents are generating huge tones of papers, cardboards, plastics, solid wastes and others that are having adverse environmental effects. Resources get wasted and toxic air emission is common. Breathing problems have become common in citizens. Reports have shown that people who are living in cities have decreased lung function and also suffering from respiratory inflammation 6. Polluted areas are responsible for the spread of carcinogens affecting people with cancer. Serious damages are found in the immune system as well as in the endocrine and reproductive system. Harmful chemicals which are liberated are settling in water, plants and others which when consumed are resulting in sever adverse impacts on human health. Health Promotion Program Undertaken: Governments all over the world have considered it to be a severe issue and have now tried to control the emissions occurring form the cities. Government of Australia has therefore initiated different laws, initiatives, organizations as well as educational programs with an aim to fix up the problem of urbanization in Australia. The Greens political party as well as the Greenpeace has therefore spoken out the major concerns to make the population aware of issues and take precautionary measure. The national heritage Trust (NHT) takes care of the restoration as well as the conservation of Australias environment and natural resources 7. They are responsible for funding the community, states as well as national level activities in order to improve the environmental impacts on the health of the people. Often waste management awareness, land care projects, coast and clean sea initiatives to overcome the impacts that have resulted due to huge people settling in Cities. A very big event is org anized to attract the attention of Australians to help them understand the harmful impacts of pollution on their health and is the biggest event in the country. Still it has been found that the results have been not satisfactory as many people are still tending to continue practices that are harming the nature 8. The National Pollutant Inventory is a report that had been published by the federal government from the data put forward by different industries show that there had been complete failure for Australia, in decreasing the level of pollution 9. An Ideal Model that Government Should use and the Present Status: However, the government as well as the different community level should approach to the entire issue after a thorough research. This is important because they should gather the knowledge that their own activities are harming their health resulting in cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, headache, uneasy, cancer and others 10. The best health promotion model that both the public and the private sector should implement is their strategies. The ecological model of health promotion is the right one for developing initiatives that will help to address the population as a whole. The ecological model usually guides both the organizations and also individuals to follow a sequential method. The first step of the model would be to address the intrapersonal as well as individual factors that influence the behavior in such a way which will help to develop the knowledge, beliefs, attitudes as well as the personality 11. This is important because each and every individu al should learn to behave in a way so that will help them to remain safe and healthy. The second factor that the concerned organization should try to address in their campaigns or policies is the interpersonal factors. The concerned authority should mainly provides different methods that will help in interacting with people thereby providing them social support as well as help them in overcoming barriers. These would help the population to develop interpersonal growth which ultimately helps in developing the healthy behavior. The third factor would be to look over the institutional as well as the organizational factors 12. This is mainly done by developing rules, regulation s as well as policies informal structures which will help the people to develop healthy behaviors. In case of National Heritage trust, one can see that they have implemented the third option but have not included the intra personal as well as the interpersonal factors which are also some of the , its important fa ctors needed for health promotion. However, the other two factors that many of the organization shave implemented in their health promotion initiatives are the community factors and the public policy. The national Heritage trust had initiated many community programs following the fourth step for the ecological model of health promotion. The fourth factor called the community factor includes the formal as well as the social norms that need to be present among individuals, groups and organizations in order to limit or enhance the issues. Different governments all over the nation have followed the fifth step the ecological model which states policies provided by the local, state as well as the federal governments which help the population to regulate their actions in way that promotes disease prevention. This includes early detection, control and management. Conclusion: Two important impact of settlement of population cities are increasing pollution and urban sprawl affecting quality health of the people. Different initiatives have been taken by governments of different nations. Many have become successful while other has failed. Therefore it is advised for the nations and the policy makers to follow the ecological model of health promotion where they will not only help individuals as well as the population to live a health life but will also develop the contributing factors that are resulting in ill health. If both the impacts are managed properly along with proper health promotion initiatives by the governments, people may experience life with better quality. References: Kumar, P., Morawska, L., Martani, C., Biskos, G., Neophytou, M., Di Sabatino, S., Bell, M., Norford, L. and Britter, R., 2015. The rise of low-cost sensing for managing air pollution in cities.Environment international,75, pp.199-205. Ewing, R., Meakins, G., Hamidi, S. and Nelson, A.C., 2014. Relationship between urban sprawl and physical activity, obesity, and morbidityupdate and refinement.Health place,26, pp.118-126. Hamidi, S. and Ewing, R., 2014. A longitudinal study of changes in urban sprawl between 2000 and 2010 in the United States.Landscape and Urban Planning,128, pp.72-82. Nazarnia, N., Schwick, C. and Jaeger, J.A., 2016. Accelerated urban sprawl in Montreal, Quebec City, and Zurich: Investigating the differences using time series 19512011.Ecological Indicators,60, pp.1229-1251. Su, J.G., Apte, J.S., Lipsitt, J., Garcia-Gonzales, D.A., Beckerman, B.S., de Nazelle, A., Texcalac-Sangrador, J.L. and Jerrett, M., 2015. Populations potentially exposed to traffic-related air pollution in seven world cities.Environment international,78, pp.82-89. Krzyzanowski, M., Apte, J.S., Bonjour, S.P., Brauer, M., Cohen, A.J. and Prss-Ustun, A.M., 2014. Air pollution in the mega-cities.Current Environmental Health Reports,1(3), pp.185-191. Karagulian, F., Belis, C.A., Dora, C.F.C., Prss-Ustn, A.M., Bonjour, S., Adair-Rohani, H. and Amann, M., 2015. Contributions to cities' ambient particulate matter (PM): A systematic review of local source contributions at global level.Atmospheric Environment,120, pp.475-483 Benson, D., Jordan, A. and Smith, L., 2013. Is environmental management really more collaborative? A comparative analysis of putative paradigm shifts in Europe, Australia, and the United States.Environment and Planning A,45(7), pp.1695-1712. Marsden, S., 2016.Transboundary environmental governance: inland, coastal and marine perspectives. Routledge. Badland, H., Whitzman, C., Lowe, M., Davern, M., Aye, L., Butterworth, I., Hes, D. and Giles-Corti, B., 2014. Urban liveability: emerging lessons from Australia for exploring the potential for indicators to measure the social determinants of health.Social science medicine,111, pp.64-73. Eldredge, L.K.B., Markham, C.M., Kok, G., Ruiter, R.A. and Parcel, G.S., 2016.Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach. John Wiley Sons. Golden, S.D., McLeroy, K.R., Green, L.W., Earp, J.A.L. and Lieberman, L.D., 2015. Upending the social ecological model to guide health promotion efforts toward policy and environmental change.

Business Law Limited Liability Framework

Question: Describe about the Business Law for Limited Liability Framework. Answer: 1. With Joe incorporating Roberts Boating private limited, the key advantages the company will receive are as follows: - Management of the company- Operating a limited liability organization requires less paperwork and administrative. A limited liability organization does not issue stock certificates nor hold regular meetings. Auditing and record keeping are less tedious relying on the requirements of the members. There is no maximum or minimum number of members in the limited liability company. The owner of the company can take all the decisions and can also hire members to form a management team that would run the organization. Limited Liability of company Registering the business as a limited liability company, Joe can run the company with much ease. Incorporation under limited liability will receive much greater tax exemption creating profitability for the company. It also helps Joe in the mitigation of personal liability and the protection of given assets of the corporation (Baxt, Harris and Finnane 2013). It will also help Joe in capping the liability of towards the creditors of the company. Raising capital becomes much easier for Joe once the company follows certain decorum. Tax While the normal marginal tax rate for individuals working under normally registered business name stands at 47%, incorporating a corporation in Australia will have a flat tax rate of 30%. Joe has to pay taxes based on the capital gains of the company. Joe needs to pay tax on its accessible income based on the company tax rate, and the company can further be applicable for tax deductions (Baxt, Harris and Finnane 2014). This will help the company save a lot of money in the form of funds which can be spent in other functioning of management creating profitability of the company. 2. The procedures that Joe had to follow under the Corporations Act 2001 to register the Roberts Boating Pty Ltd are as follows: To register the company, Joe should lodge an application with the ASIC. The application should state the following: The type of organization that is to be registered under the Act; The proposed name of the company (Burrell and McGinn 2009). The address and name of each individual who will become the member of the company; The family and present given name and place and date of birth of each member who will become; the director of the company; The family and present given name and place and date of birth of each member who will become the company secretary (Davenport and Parker 2011). The address of each member who will become the company secretary or director; The address of the proposed registered office of the company; The address of the principle place of the business of the company (if it is not address of proposed registered office); Joe has to follow the procedure as the company is limited by shares The class and number of shares in writing each member agrees to take up The amount each member agree to pay for each share in writing Whether each members share agrees to take up would be fully paid on registration If those amounts are not be fully paid for registration the amounts each member agrees to be unpaid on the shares (Gibson and Fraser 2007). The application should be in prescribed form Joe should have the agreements and consents referred to in the subsection 2 when the application is lodged. Joe should give the agreements and consents to the organization after the organization is registered. The company should keep the agreements and consents. On the basis of subsection 5 an offense would be considered as strict liability. The internal management rules of the company would be governed by the provisions of section 134 of corporation act 2001. 3. The Joe's liability is discussed if Robert's Boating Pty Ltd cannot fulfill the order of Perth Sea Rescue is discussed with following the four step process. Step 1: Introduce the area of the law The area of the law focuses on the fulfilment of the order undertaken by Robert's Boating Pty Ltd seems to be consisting of 5 boat order for the Perth Sea Rescue. This law area is focused with considering the liability of Joe who is appointed to the company on January 2016 (Mo 2012). Step 2: Discuss the applicable law to solve and quote relevant cases and the sections of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) where applicable. The application of the law of Corporations Act 2001 (Cth)-Section 140, depicts the appropriate establishment if the resolution process regarding the effect of the issues created by the organization. As per the law of the liability of Breaching of contract, if the buyer failed to pay the amount as per the contract depicted, then the seller is liable for cancelling the order with 5% refund on the total amount (Solomon 2009). As per the contract, Joe will have to pay an amount if Roberts Boating Pty Ltds contract is cancelled. Step3: Apply the law to the facts to resolve the problem. The laws depicts the liability for the inappropriate execution or the payment order failure for the Joe is undertaken as per depicted in this case study (Symon 2006). It also provides the failure of the contract for which Joe is liable for the failure of the contract. Step 4: Come to a conclusion As per the above discussion, the conclusion that can be drawn is that if Joe is liable for the failure of the contract, then the above mentioned conditions must be implemented against Joe by the Roberts Boating Pty Ltd. 4. As per Australian contract law, a contract is a legal agreement which should have the following elements offer, intention of binding to a contract, consideration, legal capacity, consent and the formalities. In the undertaken case it has been seen Haana a Factory manager of Robert's Boating Pty Ltd performed a contract with ABC Ltd on behalf of the company to buy a machine that manufactures boats from high tensile plastic without informing the managing director of the company Joe. As a factory manager, Haana is entitled to spend up to $25,000 only. Afterward, Robert's Boating Pty Ltd annulled the contract on the following ground: The contract is invalid and unenforceable as according to the constitution of the company the company cannot engage any activities other than producing fiberglass boats and the company has not any capacity to enter into such type of contract (Thomas 2010). And secondly, Haana does have the authority to buy a $40,000 machine as her limit is only $25,000. The first ground of Roberts Pty to terminate the contract: Issue: The Company is involving in manufacturing boats of fiberglass, is the company involve in plastic boat manufacturing? Law: As per Australian Corporation Act 2001(Cth) the company cannot manufacture from the high tensile plastic boat as according to the constitution of the company the company is entitled to manufacture on fiberglass boats (Vickery, Pendleton and Flood 2008). Application: According to the Australian Corporation Act 2001 the production companies' production materials and result or products must be predefined and the companies cannot involve in any production other than the predefined production of goods. Conclusion: The Company cannot involve in any other production, rather than fiberglass boats as per the constitution of the company. However, it is not the headache of the ABC Ltd. Haana is a representative of Roberts Boat Pty Ltd and on behalf of the company she contract with ABC for buying the machine for the Roberts Pty Ltd from the company. As the senior executive of the company Haana should know the constitution of the company thus, as she indulges in this contract on behalf of the company the company Robert's Boat Company cannot avoid the liability of the contract. The second ground of Roberts Pty to terminate the contract: Issue: Whether Haana has the authority to involve in a contract on behalf of accompanying to buy a machine of $40,000 or not. Law: As per the Australian Contract Act, the company representative can perform a contractual duty on behalf of the company. The rules and policy of a company describes the role and responsibility of each member as per the Australian Corporation Act 2001 (Watson, Gleeson and Higgins 2013). Application: Haana can perform the contract on behalf of her company as she was in a position of Sales Manager and representative of the company thus the contract should be valid. Conclusion: Moreover, the ABC Ltd would not see that the limit of spending of Haana is $25,000 as a factory manager. Whether Haana is authorized to spend $40,000 or not the company is liable for the contract by Haana. References Barker, David. 2005.Essential Australian Law. Sydney, N.S.W.: Cavendish. Baxt, R, Jason R Harris, and Edmund Thomas Finnane. 2014.Corporations Legislation 2014. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Thomson Reuters. Baxt, Robert, Jason R Harris, and Edmund Thomas Finnane. 2013.Corporations Legislation 2013. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Thomson Reuters. Burrell, David and John G McGinn. 2009.Cornerstone Law Series. [Adelaide]: Law Society of South Australia. Davenport, Shayne and David Parker. 2011.Business And Law In Australia. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia. Gibson, Andy and Douglas Fraser. 2007.Business Law. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Mo, John Shijian. 2012.International Commercial Law. Chatswood, N.S.W.: LexisNexis Butterworths. Solomon, Richard. 2009.Cornerstone Law Series. [Adelaide]: Law Society of South Australia. Symon, Helen. 2006.Corporations Act 2001. Melbourne: Leo Cussen Institute. Thomas, Geoff. 2010.Cornerstone Law Series. [Adelaide]: Law Society of South Australia. Vickery, Roger, Wayne Pendleton, and MaryAnne Flood. 2008.Australian Business Law. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Education. Watson, J. A, Justin T Gleeson, and Ruth C. A Higgins. 2013.Historical Foundations Of Australian Law. Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press.

Thirteen Days A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis free essay sample

An analysis of Robert Kennedys book describing his account of the Cuban Missile Crisis. This paper begins with a summary of the Cuban Missile Crisis. The basic plot and the main characters detailed in the book are then identified and the decision-making process is analyzed. A background of the author and origins of the book are provided. A critical analysis of the book follows. Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis published in 1969, is Robert Kennedys account of the major symbol (the Cuban missile crisis) of cold war confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. In the year 1962, after the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the USSR increased its support of Fidel Castros Cuban regime. In the summer of the same year, Nikita Khrushchev, who was heading the Soviet Union, secretly decided to install ballistic missiles in Cuba. In October, the U.S. reconnaissance flights revealed the clandestine construction of missile launching sites, [U-2 had just finished a photographic mission (Kennedy: 1971, 19)] Which led to President Kennedy publicly denouncing the Soviet actions. We will write a custom essay sample on Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He imposed a naval blockade on Cuba and declared that any missile launched from Cuba would warrant a full-scale retaliatory attack by the United States against the Soviet Union. On October 24, Russian ships carrying missiles to Cuba turned back. On October 28 Khrushchev agreed to withdraw the missiles and dismantle the missile sites. Consequently, the United States ended its blockade on November 20, and by the end of the year the missiles and bombers were altogether removed from Cuba.

Scholarship Essay Sample For Law Student

Scholarship Essay Sample For Law StudentIt is a good idea to use a scholarship essay sample for law student who wishes to improve their chances of admission into a law school. By reading up on this sample, the student can gain some insights into writing essay for law. The best way to approach it is to put the main points first and then add some supporting details.Any law student who wants to excel in the admissions test needs to study hard. Doing well in the exam and passing the test may not be easy. It requires a lot of hard work and focus. There are many factors that a law student must take into consideration such as the GPA, attendance record, letter grades, essays, references, etc.To be eligible for scholarships, a law student should know the different types of scholarships and other programs that he or she may be eligible for. In addition, the law student should understand how the money given by the scholarship is spent. The student should therefore be aware of what the scholars hip actually does and how to spend the scholarship money wisely. By doing so, the student will surely get the scholarship he or she really deserves.A scholarship essay sample for law student can help him in this area. The essay sample would also serve as a guide in completing the requirements. Law students should also be aware of the deadlines for submitting the required documents and writing skills that are needed for getting the scholarship.A scholarship for a law student should not be given out if the student fails to submit the required documents or does not write the essay on time. Most of the time, the scholarship is given out based on essays, which do not necessarily need to be published. The essay needs to be submitted on time. This can be done by writing it before school starts and as soon as possible.A law student who is serious about winning the scholarship will surely be willing to learn as much as he or she can from the assistance of the scholarship essay sample. The qu ality and type of material presented in the sample can greatly help in writing the essay. A student who has understood how the structure works and what he or she needs to do should not have any trouble applying for the scholarship.Since writing a winning essay is not a simple task, a law student should not just expect to win the scholarship. He or she should also consider applying for a second or even a third scholarship. This will help in building one's resume and ensuring that he or she is highly competitive for any future scholarship that he or she may apply for.The goal of any law student is to succeed in the exam and beat his or her rivals. A law student should therefore study hard and prepare himself or herself in every aspect to make a mark in the exam. Good scholarship essay samples can only help him in this endeavor.

Free Essays on Civil Disobedience

What are the Dynamics of Civil Disobedience and Descent in the United States? The use of nonviolence runs throughout history. There have been numerous instances of people courageously and nonviolently refusing cooperation with injustice. However, the fusion of organized mass struggle and nonviolence is relatively new. It originated largely with Mohandas Gandhi in 1906 at the onset of the South African campaign for Indian rights. Later, the Indian struggle for complete independence from the British Empire included a number of spectacular nonviolent campaigns. Perhaps the most notable was the yearlong Salt campaign in which 100,000 Indians were jailed for deliberately violating the Salt Laws. The refusal to counter the violence of the repressive social system with more violence is a tactic that has also been used by other movements. The militant campaign for women's suffrage in Britain included a variety of nonviolent tactics such as boycotts, noncooperation, limited property destruction, civil disobedience, mass marches and demonstrations, filling the jails, and disruption of public ceremonies. The Salvadoran people have used nonviolence as one powerful and necessary element of their struggle. Particularly during the 1960s and 70s, Christian based communities, labor unions, campesino organizations, and student groups held occupations and sit-ins at universities, government offices, and places of work such as factories and haciendas. There is rich tradition of nonviolent protest in this country as well, including Harriet Tubman's Underground Railroad during the civil war and Henry David Thoreau's refusal to pay war taxes. Nonviolent civil disobedience was a critical factor in gaining women the right to vote in the United States, as well. The U.S. labor movement has also used nonviolence with striking effectiveness in a number of instances, such as the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) free speech confro... Free Essays on Civil Disobedience Free Essays on Civil Disobedience Henry David Thoreau’s â€Å"Civil Disobedience† So much has been written on Thoreau’s landmark essay on "Civil Disobedience." Indeed, it has been used as a model for modern day leaders like Martin Luther King, Jr., and Mahatma GandHi. Andrew Trask states, "It is important to remember that Dr. King viewed civil disobedience only as one part of a larger program of reform." He continues, "There are elements of Dr. King's "direct action" of civil disobedience that we must consider: "pure" nonviolence, pragmatic action, and finally, the difference between just and unjust laws." These ideas are clearly Thoreauvian in nature. Furthermore, Gandhi advocated the use of civility at all times- â€Å"the civil register†, which extols respect for the opposition and behavior out of understanding rather than anger. And like Thoreau, Gandhi was constantly seeking the higher truth with regard to man’s relationship in the universe. Although these men were the most famous followers of Thoreau’s ideals, this essay had more wide reaching political an! d social impact than most people understand. The Danish resistance (1940’s) used his theory in Occupied Denmark, in 1950's America it was adhered to by stringent opponents to McCarthyism. In the 1960's it was a means of using passive resistance to create pressure for overturning the laws and customs of racial Segregation and in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa. And in the 1970's, it was unearthed by a new generation of anti-war activists. However, it is interesting to note that not all modern day critics agree with Thoreau’s determination towards mass nonviolence. James Goodwin writes: â€Å"Although Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr., credited Thoreau as an inspiration to their mass campaigns of passive resistance, in crucial instances his thought appears to be more closely aligned to a doctrine of individual nihilism than to the philosophy of mass nonviolence. One such instance is co... Free Essays on Civil Disobedience What are the Dynamics of Civil Disobedience and Descent in the United States? The use of nonviolence runs throughout history. There have been numerous instances of people courageously and nonviolently refusing cooperation with injustice. However, the fusion of organized mass struggle and nonviolence is relatively new. It originated largely with Mohandas Gandhi in 1906 at the onset of the South African campaign for Indian rights. Later, the Indian struggle for complete independence from the British Empire included a number of spectacular nonviolent campaigns. Perhaps the most notable was the yearlong Salt campaign in which 100,000 Indians were jailed for deliberately violating the Salt Laws. The refusal to counter the violence of the repressive social system with more violence is a tactic that has also been used by other movements. The militant campaign for women's suffrage in Britain included a variety of nonviolent tactics such as boycotts, noncooperation, limited property destruction, civil disobedience, mass marches and demonstrations, filling the jails, and disruption of public ceremonies. The Salvadoran people have used nonviolence as one powerful and necessary element of their struggle. Particularly during the 1960s and 70s, Christian based communities, labor unions, campesino organizations, and student groups held occupations and sit-ins at universities, government offices, and places of work such as factories and haciendas. There is rich tradition of nonviolent protest in this country as well, including Harriet Tubman's Underground Railroad during the civil war and Henry David Thoreau's refusal to pay war taxes. Nonviolent civil disobedience was a critical factor in gaining women the right to vote in the United States, as well. The U.S. labor movement has also used nonviolence with striking effectiveness in a number of instances, such as the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) free speech confro...